First Cranial/ Olfactory Nerve: It is a sensory nerve. The central processes from olfactory epithelium passes to olfactory area of cerebral cortex (the uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus). Objective: To test the ability to identify familiar aromatic odours with one nostril at a time with eyes … [Read more...]
Archives for December 2016
To Demonstrate Ankle and Patellar Clonus On a Subject
Clonus: When deep reflexes are exaggerated, the phenomena of clonus is elicitable. Clonus indicates upper motor neuron lesion and is indicative of hyper-reflexia. In anxoius persons the clonus is unsustained. The examples of clonus are: Ankle clonus Patellar Clonus 1. Ankle Clonus: The … [Read more...]
To Demonstrate Deep Tendon Reflexes On A Subject
Deep Tendon Reflex: If a tendon of a lightly stretched muscle is struck with a single sharp blow with a soft rubber/ clinical hammar, the muscle contracts briefly and briskly. This is the monosynaptic stretch reflex. It is test of the integrity of the afferent and efferent pathways, and of the … [Read more...]
To Demonstrate Superficial Reflexes on a Subject
Apparatus: Patellar hammer and Examination couch, subject, cotton wool, torch, tongue depressor, probe. Clinical hammer/patellar hammer consists of a long metallic handle, at one end of it is a triangular rubber piece is attached. The rubber piece has two ends, one pointed in other broad. This … [Read more...]