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Lab Test Guides

• ABO and RH Blood Grouping Draft — pending review

  Our blood is classified into different blood groups and the basis for the differentiation between these groups are the substances such as antigens whose absence or presence determine a different blood group. Every blood group has its different plasma which is another base for differentiation in these blood groups. A person with one blood group […]

• Benedict’s test and Reducing Sugar Analysis Draft — pending review

  How can you find which sugar is present in a given solution?There are few test that you need to do.one is Benedict’s test that is a test for reducing sugars

• Blood Glucose Test By Glucose Oxidase Method Draft — pending review

  Learn the step by step process of estimation of blood glucose (blood glucose test) by glucose oxidase method. Learn about its reagents and procedure.

• Clinical Examination of Sensory System Draft — pending review

  During examination of sensory system test various types of sensations: Peripheral Nervous System Functions: Here are some of the PNSF (peripheral nervous system functions): Tactile sensibility Pain Temperature Sense of Position Vibrations Presence of any abnormal sensation Cortical Sensory Functions: You need to test the following cortical sensory functions: Point Localization Two point discrimination Recognition […]

• Creatine Kinase Test by IFCC Kinetic Method:Principle, Procedure, Results Draft — pending review

  We have been doing different determinations by Kinetic UV method on our website. Today, our objective is the Creatine Kinase Test by IFCC Kinetic Method. Creatine kinase is basically an enzyme which is mostly present in heart muscles and skeletal. The formation of this substance happens which two subunits which are from muscle and brain […]

• Photoelectric Colorimeter: Working Principle, Use and Applications Draft — pending review

  Learn Photoelectric Colorimeter: Working Principle, Use and Applications in this single article. Also, learn step by step method to use this device.

• Separation Of Amino Acids By Paper Chromatography Draft — pending review

  Amino Acids are the organic compounds which contain at least a carboxyl group and an amino group. In the field of chemistry and biology, we perform many tests to check the presence of these amino acids in different compounds. Paper Chromatograph is one of those most used science lab equipment which is used for the […]

• Serum Urea Test By Kinetic UV Method Draft — pending review

  The reason for the formation of Urea due to the breakage of protein as an end product of nitrogen. There many tests in the field of biological sciences for the estimation of urea. Today, we are going to do the Kinetic UV method done especially for urea in serum. The serum urea test by Kinetic UV […]

• Spectrophotometer: Working Principle, Use and Applications Draft — pending review

  Read everything about Spectrophotometer including its working principle, use, and many applications in the field of biochemistry.

• Anthrone Test: A Quantitative analysis of Carbohydrates Draft — pending review

  Want to find out the amount of carbs in a solutions? Yes, then perform anthrone test. Learn its principle, procedure, precautions etc

• Barfoed’s Test for the Detection of Monosaccharide Draft — pending review

  After performing molisch's test (general test), if you want to distinguish between monosaccharides and disaccharides, you must perform Barfoed’s Test...

• Bial’s Test: Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Results Draft — pending review

  A monosaccharide has a lot of types and Pentose is one of them. It is the monosaccharide with five carbon atoms in its bond. Pentose is one of the most important chemical substance. Before a German Physician did a test to check its presence, there were no methods to do it. You couldn’t easily tell […]

• Clinical Tests For Examination Of Trigeminal Nerve (5th Cranial Nerve) Draft — pending review

  Fifth Cranial Nerve Test: It is a mixed nerve. Sensory roots take origin from gesserian ganglion (trigeminal ganglion). In pons motor nucleus is located in the floor of forth ventricle. Nerve divides in three division i.e Ophthalmic division, maxillary division and mandibular division. Ophthalmic Division: It supplies the conjunctival surface of the upper lid only […]

• Cranial Nerve 7 Test: Clinical Tests For Examination Of Facial Nerve Draft — pending review

  Seventh Cranial Nerve Test: It is a mixed nerve. The facial nerve nucleus is situated in the pons, lateral to that of the abducent nerve. It receives the taste fibers from anterior two thirds of tongue through lingual chorda tympani nerve. Test For Motor Part: All the muscles of face and scalp are supplied by […]

• Creatinine Clearance Test: Principle, Procedure & Results Draft — pending review

  Kidneys are one of the most important organs of our body. The better health of the kidneys is also an assurance of our good health. Kidneys help in the removal of waste products from our body and keep the electrolytes in the blood in balance. Now how do we know whether our kidneys are working […]

• Determination of Blood Urea By DAM (Diacetyl Monoxime) Method Draft — pending review

  Urea is the end product of the protein metabolism. It is synthesized in the liver from the ammonia produced by the catabolism of amino acids. It is transported by the blood to the kidneys from where it is excreted. Increased levels are found in renal diseases, urinary obstructions, shock, congestive heart failure and burns. Decreased […]

• Determination of Plasma Protein by Biuret Method Draft — pending review

  Today we are going to do the determination of Plasma Protein by Biuret Method. Before we move on to the test, we will need to tell you about Biuret method. The presence of peptide bonds and other things such as Plasma Proteins can be checked with the help of this easy and most successful chemical […]

• Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Its Procedure & Results Draft — pending review

  While we are becoming the doctors and getting our college education, we study that adrenal glands are one of the most important parts of our body and that is why we need to make sure that these glands are working very well. While examining our patients, we need to diagnose any diseases in them properly […]

• Differential Leukocyte Count Procedure And Results Draft — pending review

  You know from one of our previous articles that white blood cell count or total leukocyte count is a test which we perform to get the count of white blood cells in our blood. With the help of this test, we find the different ranges of leukocytes presiding in our body and if there are […]

• Finger To Nose Test And Its Procedure + Video Draft — pending review

  Ataxia is one of the most bothering diseases and if you think you are facing, you can check it by performing different rapid alternating movement tests. These tests can be performed at home by learning from the internet but we recommend to visit a physician and have your check up with him. One of the […]

• Heel To Shin Test And Its Procedure Draft — pending review

  There are a lot of Rapid Alternating Movements tests which are used for many purposes in physiology. Heel to Shin test is one of those tests in which a patient is provided certain instructions by the physiologist in order to move his foot in specific ways so that the doctor could examine and detect problems. […]

• Iodine test for Starch- Its Principle, Reagents, Procedure etc Draft — pending review

  If you want to find whether starch is present in a given solution or not you would need to perform iodine test for starch. Learn about principle, reagents,.

• Lactate Dehydrogenase Test: Principle And Procedure Draft — pending review

  Before we estimate Lactate Dehydrogenase, we need to know why it is important. The reason for doing anything must be mentioned and that’s why need to know the reason first. Well, lactate dehydrogenase has many uses especially clinically. When tissue damage happens, the increase of this enzyme is one of the reasons behind it. This damage […]

• Molisch’s Test, Principle and other Facts Draft — pending review

  Before performing any tests for carbs, you would first needed to do a general test i.e molisch’s test. Read this and learn everything about this general...

• Osazone Test: Principle, Procedure, and Results Draft — pending review

  Learn about the basic concepts, principle, results and procedure of osazone test.Also learn about the different osazone crystals formed for different sugars

• Protein Free Filtrate by Folin Wu Method Draft — pending review

  PFF or Protein Free Filtrate preparation is one of the most practiced tests in biology labs. In this test, protein is completely removed from the blood to make different observations. There is some really nice and deep search behind this test which is being used for many purposes. For the biology, students it is important […]

• Rapid Alternating Movement Tests: Its Procedure + Videos Draft — pending review

  There are different diseases and disturbances in the body which can be detected with the help of different tests. Ataxia, lateral cerebellum, and different other diseases are examined with the help of different tests. We name them Rapid Alternating Movement Tests. There are many tests in this series some of which we have already explained […]

• Seliwanoff’s Test Principle and Procedure Draft — pending review

  Want to find whether a solution contain aldose or ketose sugar? Learn about Seliwanoff’s Test, its principle, procedure, precautions and results and....

• Serum Bilirubin Test With Jendrassik & Grof’s Method Draft — pending review

  Jendrassik and Grof’s Method is one of the most common methods for the estimation of Serum or Bilirubin in Serum. If you don’t know about this substance then know that hemoglobin is responsible for the formation of this substance and when it becomes Bilirubin complex, it gets transported to the liver. Since this is formed […]

• Serum Cholesterol Test by Cholesterol Oxidase Method Draft — pending review

  Cholesterol exists in serum both in free and total form. The serum cholesterol test is important due to many reasons. Excessive cholesterol may lead to deaths due to heart attacks etc. Also, excessive cholesterol makes you fat and lazy. This also affects your daily routine since you become more and lazier. Now the estimation of […]

• Serum Creatinine Test By Jaffe’s Method. Draft — pending review

  If we talk about one of the most important substances present in our muscles then we simply can’t ignore creatinine. It is usually made by the creatinine phosphate as a breakdown product. Now how do we know that serum creatinine is present in the muscles? Well, for this purpose, we have a number of serum […]

• SGOT Test By Kinetic UV Method Draft — pending review

  We have already talked about the Kinetic UV Method in which we determined Urea in Serum. Today we are going to use the same test for the determination of SGOT. SGOT stands for Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase. This is an enzyme from the transferase class. This enzyme is responsible for many activities including heart, liver, […]

• To Demonstrate The Coordination Tests On a Subject Draft — pending review

  Tests for coordination in Upper limbs: Finger Nose Test: Ask the patient to touch first his nose with his own index finger. and then the examiner index finger. If he perform these movements without making errors, coordination is normal. He is then asked to perform the same action with his eye closed. Irregularity indicated impairment […]

• To Perform Taste Sensation Test On A Subject Draft — pending review

  From anterior two third of tongue lingual nerve carries the taste sensation and through the chorda tympani it joins to the facial nerve. The taste sensations are tested as described below: Materials Required: Solutions of five percent sucrose, one percent acetic acid, five percent sodium chloride and 0.5% quinine sulfate, cotton tipped applicator sticks. Procedure: […]

• Clinical Examination of Motor System Draft — pending review

  Examination of motor system is done under following headings: Bulk of muscles. Tone of muscles. Strength/power of muscles. Reflexes. Coordination of movements. Gait Involuntary movement. 1. Bulk of Muscles: This is estimated by inspection and palpation. Measure the circumferences of arm, forearm, thigh and leg at identical level of both sides. The level should be […]

• Clinical Tests For Examination Of Oculomotor, Trochlear & Abducent Nerves Draft — pending review

  Third, Fourth & sixth Nerve Test: They control ocular movements so considered together. They are mixed nerves. They bring sensations from proprioceptors in the eye muscles. Fibers of these nerves take origin from a series of nuclei which begin in the floor of sylvian aqueduct and extending up to the fourth ventricle. Abducent nerve innervates […]

• Collection of Blood: How and why is this done? Draft — pending review

  Learn how and why the Collection of Blood of is done. Also, learn an easy method to collect the blood sample and why this should be done

• To Demonstrate Ankle and Patellar Clonus On a Subject Draft — pending review

  Clonus: When deep reflexes are exaggerated, the phenomena of clonus is elicitable. Clonus indicates upper motor neuron lesion and is indicative of hyper-reflexia. In anxoius persons the clonus is unsustained. The examples of clonus are: Ankle clonus Patellar Clonus 1. Ankle Clonus: The knee of the subject is slightly flexed along with the hip joint. […]

• To Demonstrate Deep Tendon Reflexes On A Subject Draft — pending review

  Deep Tendon Reflex: If a tendon of a lightly stretched muscle is struck with a single sharp blow with a soft rubber/ clinical hammar, the muscle contracts briefly and briskly. This is the monosynaptic stretch reflex. It is test of the integrity of the afferent and efferent pathways, and of the excitability of anterior horn […]

• To Demonstrate Superficial Reflexes on a Subject Draft — pending review

  Apparatus: Patellar hammer and Examination couch, subject, cotton wool, torch, tongue depressor, probe. Clinical hammer/patellar hammer consists of a long metallic handle, at one end of it is a triangular rubber piece is attached. The rubber piece has two ends, one pointed in other broad. This rubber piece is used to give a sharp blow […]

• To Demonstrate The Olfactory Sensations On A Given Subject Draft — pending review

  First Cranial/ Olfactory Nerve: It is a sensory nerve. The central processes from olfactory epithelium passes to olfactory area of cerebral cortex (the uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus). Objective: To test the ability to identify familiar aromatic odours with one nostril at a time with eyes closed. Apparatus: Vials of aromatic substances e.g fresh instant […]

• To Demonstrate The Power Of Different Muscles Of Subject Draft — pending review

  Testing the power of Muscles of Upper Limb: Abductor pllicis Brevis: The patient is asked to abduct his thumb is a plane at right angle to the palmer aspect of the index finger, against the resistance of the examiner’s own thumb. The muscle can be seen and felt to contract. Opponens Pollicis: Ask the patient […]

• To Study The Response of Skin To Blunt Injury (Triple Response) Draft — pending review

  A firm strong stroke across the skin using a pencil point or a key produces series of responses classified as: Red reaction. Flare formation. Wheal formation This is known as triple response. Red Reaction: At the site of stroke, a red line appears. It is because of histamine and polypeptide released from the damaged site […]

• What Is PH Meter And How To Use It? Draft — pending review

  Hydrogen-ion concentration in the elements is very useful to find the acidity or alkalinity of an element. To measure this hydrogen-ion concentration, we used a paper which is named PH meter. This paper changes its color and on the basis of the standard set by chemists or biologists for certain elements, we come to know […]

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